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a.index_btn{}.other_runlin_search{}.runlin_box{}.HJZF_Z__innerContent{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5_title{}.HJZF_Z__Breadcrumbs{}body > div:nth-child(5) > div.container > div.HJZF_Z__Breadcrumbs > div > div{}.runlin_banner_right{}.main_newslist3 .newslist_img{}.inner_pro_info{}.inner_pro_info:after{}.runlin_left_inner > div > ul:hover{}.runlin_left_inner{}.runlin_left{}.runlin_left_inner > div > ul:hover span h3{}.index_wrapper{}body > div:nth-child(5) > div.runlin_banner > div.runlin_box > div > div > div > div > div.runlin_banner_right > a{}#HJZF_Z__innerBanner{}body > div.HJZF_Z__innerBanner.HJZF_Z__innerBanner2{}#HJZF_Z__wrapper > div.HJZF_Z__innerBanner.HJZF_Z__innerBanner2{}.zq_contactus>#HJZF_Z__wrapper>#HJZF_Z__innerBanner{}#payment > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-lg-3.HJZF_Z__inner--left > div > div.HJZF_Z__inner--left__content > div.InsidePages_left_content-main > ul{}body > div:nth-child(5) > div.runlin_banner > div.runlin_box > div > div > div > div > div.runlin_banner_right > h2:nth-child(1){}.aboutus_37_t b{}.index_title{}.aboutus_37_t b{}.hjzf_news_44_wrapper > li:first-child{}.news_44_list_con > div.news_44_list_con_box > div.index_text{}.other_184{}.aboutus_37_right li{}.aboutus_37_t b{}.aboutus_37_right li:before{}.aboutus_37_con> p{}.index_sub_title{}#bottom-35_1891 > section > div > div > div > div.hjzf_bottom_35_wrapper > div.foot_contact.text-center > h2{}.products_52_wrapper_img{}.products_52_wrapper li{}.products_52_wrapper li a{}#products-52_1891 > section > div > div > div > ul > li > a > h2{}.products_52_wrapper li p{}.mobiles_sidebar{}.foot_contact:before{}.index_sub_title a{}.other_184_right{}.HJZF_contact_inquiry{}.hj_navbar_nav > li > a > h2:before{}.nav_li.on>a h2{}.container-fluid{}.other_184_right{}.other_184_right>.index_sub_title{}#news-44_1891 > section > div > div > div > ul > li > div > div.index_text{}.other_184_right>.con{}.other_184_pagination{}.banner_27_zyzfw{}#aboutus-23_1891 > section > div > div > div > ul > li:nth-child(4){}.main_page{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(2) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(4) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(5) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(7) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(8) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(9) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(6) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(1) > a{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(3).on a, .HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(3):hover a{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(2).on a, .HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(2):hover a{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(4).on a, .HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(4):hover a{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(5).on a, .HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(5):hover a{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(6).on a, .HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(6):hover a{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(7).on a, .HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(7):hover a{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul 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img{}.runlin_banner{}.runlin_banner_left{}.runlin_banner_right{}.runliin_top_email{}.runlin_email.first{}.runlin_des + .more{}.runlin_left li{}.runlin_yiji > span h3{}.submit_runlin_search{}.nav_drop{}body > div:nth-child(5) > div.runlin_banner > div.runlin_box > div > div > div > div > div.runlin_banner_right > div.runlin_des > b{}.hjzf2_z_products_list_left a.index_btn{}.other_runlin_search{}.runlin_box{}.HJZF_Z__innerContent{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5_title{}.HJZF_Z__Breadcrumbs{}body > div:nth-child(5) > div.container > div.HJZF_Z__Breadcrumbs > div > div{}.runlin_banner_right{}.main_newslist3 .newslist_img{}.inner_pro_info{}.inner_pro_info:after{}.runlin_left_inner > div > ul:hover{}.runlin_left_inner{}.runlin_left{}.runlin_left_inner > div > ul:hover span h3{}.index_wrapper{}body > div:nth-child(5) > div.runlin_banner > div.runlin_box > div > div > div > div > div.runlin_banner_right > a{}#HJZF_Z__innerBanner{}body > div.HJZF_Z__innerBanner.HJZF_Z__innerBanner2{}#HJZF_Z__wrapper > div.HJZF_Z__innerBanner.HJZF_Z__innerBanner2{}.zq_contactus>#HJZF_Z__wrapper>#HJZF_Z__innerBanner{}#payment > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-lg-3.HJZF_Z__inner--left > div > div.HJZF_Z__inner--left__content > div.InsidePages_left_content-main > ul{}body > div:nth-child(5) > div.runlin_banner > div.runlin_box > div > div > div > div > div.runlin_banner_right > h2:nth-child(1){}.aboutus_37_t b{}.index_title{}.aboutus_37_t b{}.hjzf_news_44_wrapper > li:first-child{flex:0 0 100%}.news_44_list_con > div.news_44_list_con_box > div.index_text{}.other_184{}.aboutus_37_right li{}.aboutus_37_t b{}.aboutus_37_right li:before{}.aboutus_37_con> p{}.index_sub_title{}#bottom-35_1891 > section > div > div > div > div.hjzf_bottom_35_wrapper > div.foot_contact.text-center > h2{}.products_52_wrapper_img{}.products_52_wrapper li{}.products_52_wrapper li a{}#products-52_1891 > section > div > div > div > ul > li > a > 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section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(4) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(5) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(7) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(8) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(9) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(6) > a{}body > div:nth-child(10) > div > div > section.hidden-xs.hidden-sm.hidden-md.col-xs-12 > div > ul > li:nth-child(1) > a{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(3).on a, .HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(3):hover a{}.HJZF_Z__inner_product_categroy5 ul li:nth-child(2).on a, 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颠覆你认知的新“膏药”,小小一片不留胶,效果还超级加倍!
  2024/11/01| 阅读次数:545

68岁的林爷爷是多年关节炎患者,外孙女给他带了一种新“膏药”,他拆开发现还没有巴掌大,很薄也没什么味道,心里不经怀疑:这东西能有用吗?


他半信半疑贴了上去,却惊讶发现,这种“膏药”比他以往用的都要好,一贴下去关节好受多了,胶撕得也不疼,这到底是什么“科技与狠活”?



贴膏剂与贴剂


随着人口老龄化和肥胖问题的加剧,目前全世界关节炎患者有3.55亿人,关节炎俨然成为最常见慢性疾病之一。


外用膏药是治疗关节炎的重要方式。和注射、口服相比,经皮给药无需忍受痛苦,无需担心患者抗拒或吞咽难题,只需轻轻一贴,药物便能在不知不觉中完成治疗过程。它不仅提高了患者的用药依从性,还提升了治疗的便捷性和舒适度。


但说到外用膏药,你会想到什么?是不是想到一沓传统治疗跌打损伤的膏药,一大块贴在皮肤上,隔着三米就能闻见浓郁中药味,患处发热或发凉,撕下来又痛又有胶痕,还可能会过敏……


事实上,一种新型的外用给药方式,绝对会颠覆你对“膏药”的认知。贴膏剂和贴剂,只差一个字,但内容天差地别。


什么叫贴膏剂?——药物+胶布


膏药作为五大药物剂型—丸、散、膏、丹、汤之一,是中医学中的一个重要部分。贴膏剂是把药物制成膏状涂抹在布、纸等背衬上,贴到患处皮肤表面,用于局部消炎、止痛,包括橡胶贴膏和凝胶贴膏。


什么叫贴剂?——药物和胶融为一体


贴剂是一种更高级的皮肤给药制剂,是可粘贴在皮肤上,药物可产生全身性或局部作用的一种薄片。


透皮贴剂虽然长得像,但是相比贴膏剂,它是通过复杂的工艺,不断优化药物载体、控制药物释放速度,使药物以恒定的速率通过皮肤进入血液循环。


传统治疗关节炎,很多人都用中药贴膏剂,难以避免一些缺点:


  • 贴膏剂气味浓郁,宝妈、白领等人群不适合;

  • 胶撕下来疼,会残留在身上,导致过敏;

  • 中药贴剂成分复杂,部分凝胶贴膏主要的镇痛成分为川乌、草乌,为《中国药典》收载的有毒药,该成分具有一过性心脏毒性,患有心血管疾病的患者不可长时间贴敷;

  • 容纳药物少,维持时间短。


而经皮贴剂作为更先进的剂型,具有如下优势:


  • 没有气味,小巧轻薄,美观性和舒适性均有改善;

  • 采用更先进的压敏胶,即在轻微压力下就可粘贴、剥离时没有残留的一类材料,还能够作为药物载体;

  • 维持恒定血药浓度,释药更加平稳,作用时间更长;

  • 渗透性好,实现药物的精准释放,让每一分药效都能精准作用于病灶,减少副作用,提升治疗效果。



全身贴剂与局部贴剂


透皮贴剂还可分成全身作用和局部作用。


全身作用:药物直接通过皮肤转运至皮下毛细血管,进入血液后发挥治疗作用,例如芬太尼经皮贴剂。全身性的做不到哪里疼贴哪里,应当贴在平坦、没有毛发、出汗少的皮肤表面,比如前胸、上臂、大腿内侧等部位。


局部作用:药物通过皮肤到达局部组织,主要发挥局部治疗作用,如外用非甾体抗炎药贴剂、辣椒素贴剂和利多卡因贴剂。


而非甾体抗炎药是治疗急、慢性炎性疼痛的一线用药,外用非甾体抗炎药缓解慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛方面与口服非甾体抗炎药疗效相当,可有效改善功能,安全性较好。

《经皮贴剂疼痛治疗的中国专家共识》推荐非甾体抗炎药经皮贴剂作为治疗慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的首选用药。


对于局部疼痛,推荐局部作用的非甾体抗炎药贴剂,更加高效、迅速、副作用小,例如吡罗昔康贴片。


吡罗昔康是一种强效非甾体抗炎药,口服剂不良反应多发,但其经皮渗透能力佳,可高度集中于靶组织局部(关节滑液),通过高浓度药物快速渗透,达到局部抗炎镇痛作用,效果不逊色于全身作用药物。


而且药物成分很少比例进入体循环,血药浓度维持在较低水平,因而起效迅速、不良反应少,从而降低与全身吸收相关的胃肠道、肾脏、心血管等不良事件的发生。压敏胶对局部皮肤刺激作用也很小。


参考文献

[1]马柯教授|《经皮贴剂疼痛治疗的中国专家共识》解读

[2]江霞,马迅,刘万卉,等.透皮贴剂渗透性研究进展[J].中国药事,2023,37(03):312-320.DOI:10.16153/j.1002-7777.2023.03.009.

[3]黄婷,张靖,杨锐,等.透皮贴剂的技术及质量控制进展[J].中国药事,2023,37(09):989-1000.DOI:10.16153/j.1002-7777.2023.09.002.

[4]卢望丁,朱慧勇,黄英,等.改良型透皮给药系统的开发要点阐述[J].中国医药工业杂志,2022,53(05):621-628.DOI:10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2022.05.004.

[5]徐思棋.中药经皮给药“新亮点”——中药外用膏剂的研究与进展[J].张江科技评论,2023,(03):70-73.

[6]邢润麟,茆军,王培民,等.国外局部外用药控制膝骨关节炎疼痛的临床研究进展[J].中国疼痛医学杂志,2016,22(02):133-136.


【声明】文章内容不作为临床诊疗依据,仅供交流、学习。


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